Título  International Migration Outlook 2024
Autores  OCDE
Editor  OECD Publishing
Data  2025

Mais informações sobre o livro aqui.

Resumo (EN): 

This publication constitutes the 49th report of the OECD’s Continuous Reporting System on Migration. The report is divided into six chapters plus a statistical annex. Chapter 1 provides a broad overview of recent
trends in international migration flows. It also analyses recent changes on the labour market inclusion of immigrants in OECD countries. Chapter 2 monitors recent changes in migration policies, while Chapter 3 looks at the recent changes in policies that support the integration of immigrants and their children. Chapter 4 looks at the role of firms in immigrant integration. It sheds new light on the role of firms in shaping the immigrant earnings gap using linked employer-employee data for 15 OECD countries. The chapter starts by documenting the immigrant earnings gap at entry in the labour market and the extent to which it is driven by immigrants working disproportionately in lower-paying firms, industries and occupations. It then analyses how the earnings gap evolves as immigrants integrate into the labour market by moving to better-paying firms, industries and occupations. The implications for immigrant integration policy are discussed in the conclusion. Chapter 5 is the result of a co-operation between the OECD and the WHO in the context of the “Working for Health” programme. It examines the evolution of international migration of health professionals, specifically doctors and nurses, to OECD countries since 2000/01, in the context of growing workforce shortages and increasing global competition for talent. The chapter considers the implications for countries of origin, including the risk of brain drain, and highlights the importance of ethical recruitment practices. Finally, it explores recent changes in migration policies affecting health professionals, as well as developments in the recognition of foreign qualifications and licensing across the OECD. Chapter 6 presents succinct country-specific notes and statistics on developments in international migration movements and policies in OECD and selected non-OECD countries in recent years. Lastly, the statistical annex includes a broad selection of recent and historical statistics on immigrant flows, asylum requests, foreign and foreign-born populations, and naturalisation.

Pontos-chave: 

1. Em 2024, mais de 160 milhões de pessoas que viviam nos países da OCDE eram nascidas no estrangeiro. Desde 2014, a proporção de nascidos no estrangeiro aumentou de 9,1% para 11,5%; 
2. Na maioria dos países da OCDE, a migração permanente diminuiu em 2024, em comparação com 2023, principalmente nos países da UE. A Nova Zelândia e o Reino Unido também registaram quedas acentuadas após níveis recorde no pós-pandemia. Em contrapartida, a migração permanente para os Estados Unidos continuou a crescer (+20%);
3. O número de novos migrantes sazonais e de pessoas em programas de férias-trabalho aumentou em 2024 (+8% e +4%, respetivamente). Em contraste, o número de migrantes participantes em programas nacionais de trabalho temporário no estrangeiro diminuiu (-7%), após um forte crescimento no pós-pandemia de COVID-19. O fluxo de transferências intracompanhia continuou a diminuir (-3%) em 2024;
4. Mais de metade dos 3 milhões de pedidos de asilo na OCDE foram registados nos Estados Unidos em 2024. Os principais países de origem dos requerentes incluíram a Venezuela, a Colômbia, a Síria, o Afeganistão e a Índia;